Bitcoin graphics card wiki


Several AIB suppliers are also motherboard suppliers. Video card shipments peaked at a total of million in By contrast, they totalled The sales of video cards have trended downward due to improvements in integrated graphics technologies; high-end, CPU-integrated graphics are able to provide performance competitive with low-end video cards.

At the same time, video card sales have grown within the high-end segment, as manufacturers have shifted their focus to prioritize the gaming and enthusiast market.

Beyond the gaming and multimedia segments, video cards have been increasingly used for general-purpose computing , such as big data processing. In January , mid-to-high-end video cards experienced a major surge in price, with many retailers having stock shortages due to the significant demand among this market. A modern video card consists of a printed circuit board on which the components are mounted. A graphics processing unit GPU , also occasionally called visual processing unit VPU , is a specialized electronic circuit designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the building of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display.

Because of the large degree of programmable computational complexity for such a task, a modern video card is also a computer unto itself. A heat sink is mounted on most modern graphics cards. A heat sink spreads out the heat produced by the graphics processing unit evenly throughout the heat sink and unit itself. The heat sink commonly has a fan mounted as well to cool the heat sink and the graphics processing unit. Not all cards have heat sinks, for example, some cards are liquid cooled, and instead have a waterblock; additionally, cards from the s and early s did not produce much heat, and did not require heatsinks.

Most modern graphics cards need a proper thermal solution. This can be the liquid solution or heatsinks with an additional connected heat pipe usually made of copper for the best thermal transfer. It should also be noted that the correct case; either Mid-tower or Full-tower or some other derivative, has to be properly configured for thermal management. This can be ample space with proper push pull or opposite configuration as well as liquid with a radiator either in lieu or with a fan setup.

The video BIOS or firmware contains a minimal program for initial set up and control of the video card. It may contain information on the memory timing, operating speeds and voltages of the graphics processor, RAM, and other details which can sometimes be changed.

The usual reason for doing this is to overclock the video card to allow faster video processing speeds, however, this has the potential to irreversibly damage the card with the possibility of cascaded damage to the motherboard. The modern Video BIOS does not support all the functions of the video card, being only sufficient to identify and initialize the card to display one of a few frame buffer or text display modes.

It does not support YUV to RGB translation, video scaling, pixel copying, compositing or any of the multitude of other 2D and 3D features of the video card. Around , the video memory was typically based on DDR technology. Video memory may be used for storing other data as well as the screen image, such as the Z-buffer , which manages the depth coordinates in 3D graphics , textures , vertex buffers , and compiled shader programs.

The RAMDAC , or random-access-memory digital-to-analog converter, converts digital signals to analog signals for use by a computer display that uses analog inputs such as cathode ray tube CRT displays. Depending on the number of bits used and the RAMDAC-data-transfer rate, the converter will be able to support different computer-display refresh rates. These require a RAMDAC, but they reconvert the analog signal back to digital before they can display it, with the unavoidable loss of quality stemming from this digital-to-analog-to-digital conversion.

Some problems of this standard are electrical noise , image distortion and sampling error in evaluating pixels. Today, the VGA analog interface is used for high definition video including p and higher. While the VGA transmission bandwidth is high enough to support even higher resolution playback, there can be picture quality degradation depending on cable quality and length. Digital-based standard designed for displays such as flat-panel displays LCDs , plasma screens, wide high-definition television displays and video projectors.

It avoids image distortion and electrical noise, corresponding each pixel from the computer to a display pixel, using its native resolution. Included to allow connection with televisions , DVD players , video recorders and video game consoles. The interface is primarily used to connect a video source to a display device such as a computer monitor , though it can also be used to transmit audio, USB, and other forms of data. Backward compatibility to VGA and DVI by using adapter dongles enables consumers to use DisplayPort fitted video sources without replacing existing display devices.

Although DisplayPort has a greater throughput of the same functionality as HDMI , it is expected to complement the interface, not replace it. In the following table is a comparison between a selection of the features of some of those interfaces. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

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Please help improve this article if you can. September Learn how and when to remove this template message. Bus computing and Expansion card. Retrieved 30 November Archived from the original on Retrieved 1 December Complete Computer Hardware Only. Retrieved 23 January Retrieved 29 January Monitor Refreshable braille display Printer Speakers Plotter. Retrieved from " https: Video cards Graphics hardware.

Wikipedia articles needing reorganization from February Articles needing cleanup from September All pages needing cleanup Cleanup tagged articles without a reason field from September Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from September Articles with multiple maintenance issues All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from December Articles with unsourced statements from January Other methods of investment are bitcoin funds. The first regulated bitcoin fund was established in Jersey in July and approved by the Jersey Financial Services Commission.

Forbes named bitcoin the best investment of The price of bitcoins has gone through various cycles of appreciation and depreciation referred to by some as bubbles and busts.

According to Mark T. Various journalists, [79] [] economists, [] [] and the central bank of Estonia [] have voiced concerns that bitcoin is a Ponzi scheme. In , Eric Posner , a law professor at the University of Chicago, stated that "a real Ponzi scheme takes fraud; bitcoin, by contrast, seems more like a collective delusion.

Zero Hedge claimed that the same day Dimon made his statement, JP Morgan also purchased a large amount of bitcoins for its clients. You can have cryptodollars in yen and stuff like that. Bitcoin has been labelled a speculative bubble by many including former Fed Chairman Alan Greenspan [] and economist John Quiggin. Lee, in a piece for The Washington Post pointed out that the observed cycles of appreciation and depreciation don't correspond to the definition of speculative bubble.

It's a mirage, basically. Because of bitcoin's decentralized nature, nation-states cannot shut down the network or alter its technical rules. While some countries have explicitly allowed its use and trade, others have banned or restricted it. Regulations and bans that apply to bitcoin probably extend to similar cryptocurrency systems.

Bitcoin has been criticized for the amounts of electricity consumed by mining. As of , The Economist estimated that even if all miners used modern facilities, the combined electricity consumption would be To lower the costs, bitcoin miners have set up in places like Iceland where geothermal energy is cheap and cooling Arctic air is free. The use of bitcoin by criminals has attracted the attention of financial regulators, legislative bodies, law enforcement, and the media.

Senate held a hearing on virtual currencies in November Several news outlets have asserted that the popularity of bitcoins hinges on the ability to use them to purchase illegal goods. It will cover studies of cryptocurrencies and related technologies, and is published by the University of Pittsburgh. Authors are also asked to include a personal bitcoin address in the first page of their papers. The documentary film, The Rise and Rise of Bitcoin late , features interviews with people who use bitcoin, such as a computer programmer and a drug dealer.

In Charles Stross ' science fiction novel, Neptune's Brood , "bitcoin" a modified version is used as the universal interstellar payment system. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For a broader coverage related to this topic, see Blockchain. For a broader coverage related to this topic, see Cryptocurrency wallet. Legality of bitcoin by country or territory. Cryptography portal Business and economics portal Free and open-source software portal Internet portal Numismatics portal.

The timestamp of the block is This block is unlike all other blocks in that it doesn't have a previous block to reference. The fact is that gold miners are rewarded for producing gold, while bitcoin miners are not rewarded for producing bitcoins; they are rewarded for their record-keeping services.

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