Pump liquid long wear liner
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A peristaltic pump is a type of positive displacement pump used for pumping a variety of fluids. The fluid is contained within a flexible tube fitted inside a circular pump casing though linear peristaltic pumps have been made. A rotor with a number of "rollers", "shoes", "wipers", or "lobes" attached to the external circumference of the rotor compresses the flexible tube.
As the rotor turns, the part of the tube under compression is pinched closed or "occludes" thus forcing the fluid to be pumped to move through the tube. Additionally, as the tube opens to its natural state after the passing of the cam "restitution" or "resilience" fluid flow is induced to the pump.
This process is called peristalsis and is used in many biological systems such as the gastrointestinal tract. Typically, there will be two or more rollers, or wipers, occluding the tube, trapping between them a body of fluid. The pump liquid long wear liner of fluid is then transported, at ambient pressure, toward the pump outlet. Peristaltic pumps may run continuously, or they may be indexed through partial revolutions to deliver smaller amounts of fluid.
Bradley in U. Patent number [1] as a well pump, and later by Eugene Allen in U. Patent number [2] for blood transfusions. It was developed by heart surgeon Dr. Michael DeBakey [3] pump liquid long wear liner blood transfusions [4] while he was a medical student in and later used by him for pump liquid long wear liner bypass [5] systems. A specialized nonocclusive roller pump US Patent [6] using soft flat tubing was developed pump liquid long wear liner for cardiopulmonary bypass systems.
Some common applications include pumping IV fluids through an infusion device, apheresisaggressive chemicals, high solids slurries and other materials where pump liquid long wear liner of the product from the environment, and the environment from the product, are critical. It is also used in heart-lung machines to circulate blood during a bypass surgeryand in hemodialysis systems, as the pump does not cause significant hemolysis.
Peristaltic pumps are also used in a wide variety of industrial applications. Their unique design makes pump liquid long wear liner especially suited to pumping abrasives [7] and viscous fluids. The ideal peristaltic pump should have an infinite diameter of the pump head and the largest possible diameter of the rollers. Such an ideal peristaltic pump would offer the longest possible tubing lifetime and provide a constant and pulsation-free flow rate.
Such an ideal peristaltic pump can not be constructed in reality. However, peristaltic pumps can be designed to approach these ideal peristaltic pump parameters. One example of a possible construction is depicted. The exceptional design of the few peristaltic pumps offer constant accurate flow rates for several weeks together with a long tubing lifetime without the risk of tubing rupture.
The pumped fluid contacts only the inside surface of the tubing thereby negating concern for other valves, O-rings or seals that might be incompatible with fluid being pumped.
Therefore, only the composition of the tubing that the pumped medium travels through is considered for chemical compatibility. The tubing needs to be elastomeric to maintain the circular cross section after millions of cycles of squeezing in the pump. This requirement eliminates a variety of non-elastomeric polymers that have compatibility with a wide range of chemicals, such as PTFEpolyolefinsPVDFetc. Of these materials, natural rubber has the best fatigue resistance, and EPDM and Hypalon have the best chemical compatibility.
Silicone is popular with water-based fluids, such as in bio-pharma industry, but have limited range of chemical compatibility in other industries. There are a couple of newer tubing developments that offer a broad chemical compatibility using lined tubing and fluoroelastomers. With lined tubing, the thin inside liner is made of a chemically resistant material such as poly-olefin and PTFE that form a barrier for the rest of the tubing wall from coming in contact with the pumped fluid.
These liners are materials that are often not elastomeric, therefore the entire tube wall cannot be made with this material for peristaltic pump applications.
This tubing provides adequate chemical compatibility and life to be used in chemically challenging applications. There are a few things to keep in mind when using these tubes - any pin holes in the liner during manufacturing could render the tubing pump liquid long wear liner to chemical attack. In the case of pump liquid long wear liner plastic liners like the polyolefins, with repeated flexing in the peristaltic pump they can develop cracks, rendering the bulk material again vulnerable to chemical pump liquid long wear liner.
A common issue with all lined tubing is delamination of the liner with repeated flexing that signals the end of the tube's life. For those with need for chemically compatible tubing, pump liquid long wear liner lined tubing offer a good solution.
With fluoroelastomer tubing, the elastomer itself has the chemical resistance. In the case of e. Chem-Sure, it is made of a perfluoroelastomer, that has the broadest chemical compatibility of all elastomers. The two fluoroelastomer tubes listed above combine the chemical compatibility with a very long tube life stemming from their reinforcement technology, but come at a pretty high initial cost. One has to justify the cost with the total value derived over the long tube life, and compare with other options such as other tubing or even other pump technologies.
There are many online sites for checking the chemical compatibility of the tubing material with the pumped fluid. The tubing manufacturers may also have compatibility charts specific to their tubing production method, coating, material and the fluid being pumped. While these charts cover a list of commonly encountered fluids, they may not have all the fluids. If there is a fluid whose compatibility is not listed anywhere, then a common test of compatibility is the immersion testing.
This test is still a one way test, in the sense that there is still a remote chance that the tubing that passes this test can still be incompatible for the application since the combination of borderline compatibility and mechanical flexing can push the tube over the edge, resulting in premature pump liquid long wear liner failure.
In general, recent tubing developments have brought broad chemical compatibility to the peristaltic pump option that many chemical dosing applications can benefit over other current pump technologies. The minimum gap between the roller and the housing determines the maximum squeeze applied on the tubing. The amount of squeeze applied to the tubing affects pumping performance and the tube life - more squeezing decreases the tubing life dramatically, while less squeezing can cause the pumped medium to slip back, especially in high pressure pumping, and decreases the efficiency of the pump dramatically and the pump liquid long wear liner velocity of the slip back typically causes premature failure of the hose.
Therefore, this amount of squeeze becomes an important design parameter. The term "occlusion" is used to measure the amount of squeeze. It is either expressed as a percentage of twice the wall thickness, pump liquid long wear liner as an absolute pump liquid long wear liner of the wall that is squeezed.
Thus for a given pump, the most critical tubing dimension becomes the wall thickness. An interesting point here is that the inside diameter of the tubing is not an important design parameter for the suitability of the tubing for the pump.
Therefore, it is common for more than one ID be used with a pump, as long as the wall thickness remains the same. For a given rpm of the pump, a tube with larger inside diameter ID will give higher flow rate than one with a smaller inside diameter. Intuitively the flow rate is a function of the cross section area of the tube bore. Flow rate is an important parameter for a pump. The flow rate in a pump liquid long wear liner pump is determined by many factors, such as:. Increasing the number of rollers doesn't increase the flow rate, instead it will decrease the flow rate somewhat by reducing the effective i.
Increasing rollers does tend to decrease the amplitude of the fluid pulsing at the outlet by increasing the frequency of the pulsed flow. The length of tube measured from initial pinch point near the inlet to the final release point near the outlet does not affect the flow rate. However, a longer tube implies more pinch points between inlet and outlet, increasing the pressure that the pump can generate. The flow rate of a peristaltic pump is in most cases not linear. The effect of pulsation at the inlet of the pump changes the filling degree of the peristaltic hose.
With high inlet pulsation the peristaltic hose with become oval and this is resulting in less flow. Accurate metering with a peristaltic pump is therefore only possible when the pump has a constant flow rate, or when inlet pulsation is complete eliminated with the use of correct designed pulsation dampeners. Pulsation is an important side effect of the peristaltic pump.
The pulsation in a peristaltic pump is determined by many factors, such as:. Higher pressure peristaltic hose pumps which can typically operate against up to 16 bar in continuous service, use shoes rollers only used on low pressure types and have casings filled with lubricant to prevent abrasion of the exterior of the pump tube and to aid in the dissipation of heat, and use reinforced tubes, often called "hoses".
This class of pump is often called a "hose pump". The biggest advantage with the hose pumps over the roller pumps is the high operating pressure of up to 16 bar. With rollers max pressure can arrive up to 12 Bar without any problem. If the high operating pressure is not required, a tubing pump is a better option than a hose pump pump liquid long wear liner the pumped medium is not abrasive. With recent advances made in the tubing technology for pressure, life and chemical compatibility, as well as the higher flow rate ranges, the advantages that hose pumps had over roller pumps continues to erode.
Lower pressure peristaltic pumps typically have dry casings and use rollers along with non-reinforced, extruded tubing. This class of pump is sometimes called a "tube pump" or "tubing pump". These pumps employ rollers to squeeze the tube. Increasing the number of pump liquid long wear liner increase the pressure pulse frequency of the pumped fluid at the outlet, thereby decreasing the amplitude of pulsing.
The downside to increasing number of rollers it that it proportionately increases number of squeezes, or occlusions, on the tubing for a given cumulative flow through that tube, thereby reducing pump liquid long wear liner tubing life. The operating pressure of these pumps is determined by the tubing and by the motor's ability to overcome the hoop strength of the tubing and the fluid pressure.
In microfluidics, it is often desirable to minimize the circulating volume of fluid. Traditional pumps require a large volume of liquid external to the microfluidic circuit. This can lead to problems due to dilution of analytes and already dilute biological signalling molecules. It is important to select tubing with appropriate chemical resistance towards the liquid being pumped.
Types of tubing commonly used in peristaltic pumps include:. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Sensors and Actuators, B: Lab on a Chip. Retrieved 10 July Retrieved from " https: Webarchive template wayback links All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from November Views Pump liquid long wear liner Edit View history.
In other projects Wikimedia Commons. This page was last edited on 24 Aprilat By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.
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