49 bitgood road griswold ct tax collector

Riverside was founded in the early s and it is the birthplace of the California citrus industry and home of the Mission Inn, the largest Mission Revival Style building in the United States. It is also home to the Riverside National Cemetery, the University of California, Riverside, is located in the northeastern part of the city. The university also hosts the Riverside Sports Complex, in the late s and early s, the area was inhabited by Cahuilla and the Serrano people. Californios such as Bernardo Yorba and Juan Bandini established ranches during the first half of the 19th century, in the s, Louis Prevost launched the California Silk Center Association, a short-lived experiment in sericulture.

In the wake of its failure, John W. North purchased some of its land, in March , North distributed posters announcing the formation of a colony in California.

North, a staunch temperance-minded abolitionist from New York State, had formerly founded Northfield, a few years later, some navel orange trees were planted and found to be such a success that full-scale planting began. Riverside was temperance minded, and Republican, there were four saloons in Riverside when it was founded. The license fees were raised until the saloons moved out of Riverside, investors from England and Canada transplanted traditions and activities adopted by prosperous citizens.

As a result, the first golf course and polo field in Southern California were built in Riverside. C, the trees came from Bahia, Brazil. The Bahia orange did not thrive in Florida, but its success in Southern California was phenomenal, the three trees were planted on the Tibbetts property. One of the trees died after it was trampled by a cow during the first year it was planted, after the trampling, the two remaining trees were transplanted to property belonging to Sam McCoy to receive better care than L.

That tree still stands to this day inside a protective fence abutting what is now a major intersection, the trees thrived in the Southern California climate and the navel orange industry grew rapidly.

Many growers purchased bud wood and then grafted the cuttings to root stock, by , there were more than half a million citrus trees in California, almost half of which were in Riverside. The development of refrigerated cars and innovative irrigation systems established Riverside as the richest city in the United States by As of the census, the city had a population of 52, The Potawatomi and the Ottawa formed a joint village in the area of Battle Creek.

The Army was notorious for failing to deliver supplies and annuities on a timely basis, during the fight, the surveyors shot and severely wounded one Indian, subduing the other. Fearing more hostilities, the survey party promptly packed up and left the area and they did not return until June , after Governor Lewis Cass had settled the issues with the Indians. European-American settlers later called the nearby stream Battle Creek River, Native Americans had called the river Waupakisco, to which some attribute a folk etymology.

Following removal of the Potawatomi to a reservation, the first permanent European-American settlements in Battle Creek Township began to be made about , migration had increased to Michigan from New York and New England following the completion of the Erie Canal in New York in Most settlers chose to locate on the Goguac prairie, which was fertile, a post office was opened in Battle Creek in under Postmaster Pollodore Hudson.

The first school was taught in a log house about or Asa Langley built the first sawmill in , a brick manufacturing plant, called the oldest enterprise in the township, was established in by Simon Carr, and operated until The township was established by act of the legislature in , in the antebellum era, the city was a major stop on the Underground Railroad, used by fugitive slaves to escape to freedom in Michigan and Canada.

It was the home of noted abolitionist Sojourner Truth after her escape from slavery. Battle Creek figured prominently in the history of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. As of , the population for Norwalk was 88, Norwalk, settled , incorporated Sept. Ancient records describe the boundaries as from Norwalk river to Sauhatuck river, from sea, thus a disputing source, and common tradition, describes Norwalks name deriving from the northern boundary extending from the sea covering one days north walk into the countryside.

An additional source found this analysis to be improbable, given that the name Norwalk was used by natives, additionally a nearby river was known as the Norwake River when the area was first colonized. Roger Ludlows land purchase was from the Indians of Norwalke, the earliest town records list the city name as Norwalke The Connecticut Register, published in , describes that the early Colony Records spelled it Norrwake.

Norwalk Harbors islands and proximity to New York City make it profitable for oyster harvesting, discarded oyster shells along the Connecticut coast help prove the importance oysters had to pre-Columbian inhabitants of the area as well. In Norwalk was the location of the murder trial of Michael Skakel.

After a four-week trial, Skakel was convicted on June 7 for the murder of Martha Moxley, the Methodist congregation had been formed in during the visit by Jesse Lee, but is survived by three other Methodist churches in the city. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of Norwalk, Connecticut, gets 45 inches of rain per year, the average US city gets 25 inches of snow per year.

The number of days with any measurable precipitation is , on average, there are sunny days per year in Norwalk, Connecticut. The July high is around 83 degrees, Norwalks topography is dominated by its coastline along Long Island Sound, the Norwalk River and its eastern and western banks, and the Norwalk Islands. The highest elevation is feet above sea level, at the summit of Middle Clapboard Hill in West Norwalk, as of the census of , there were 85, people,35, households, and 21, families residing in the city.

The population density was 2, The racial makeup of the city was Hispanic or Latino of any race were Freehold town was formed within the township on March 25,, the Battle of Monmouth was fought in June in what has been preserved as Monmouth Battlefield State Park, which is in Freehold Township and Manalapan Township.

The Lenni Lenape were the earliest known people to live in the area that became Freehold, the Lenape were a hunter-gatherer society. They were largely sedentary, changing campsites seasonally and they were prolific hunters of small game and birds. They were also skilled fisherman, and were known to harvest vast amounts of clams from the bays and they also practiced some agriculture to augment their food supply.

During this time, an important crossroad of two major Lenape trails was located in the area of Freehold, in , John Cabot became the first European to sight this land. The Dutch were the first to settle and develop the area, by the 17th Century, the English had taken over the area. In , the Duke of York granted a patent to Sir George Carteret to develop the area, in , Scottish immigrants, fleeing religious persecution at home, became the first to settle the area.

In , Along with Middletown and Shrewsbury, Freehold was established by act of legislature as one of the three towns in Monmouth County. The name of the township comes from the word Freehold, an English legal term describing fee simple property ownership. Reid sold the property to the Board of Chosen Freeholders at a price. In return for the discounted price, Reid placed a restrictive covenant in the deed that, should the property ever cease being used as a courthouse.

Direct descendants of John Reid still reside in Freehold Township, Freehold was officially designated as the seat of the Monmouth County government, and a court house was commissioned to be built on the land purchased from John Reid.

The Monmouth Courthouse opened in , a small village quickly began to develop around the courthouse. At first, the village was called Monmouth Courthouse, overtime, other government buildings opened near the courthouse, including a sheriffs office, a prison, and a post office.

A number of homes and commercial businesses also sprang up in the village, including a blacksmith, a store, a bank, a hotel. In the area surrounding Monmouth Courthouse, many farms began to appear. It is located in the northeast corner of the town, on the west bank of the Thames River north of New London, and centered on the intersection of the Old Norwich Road, modern-day Quaker Hill is primarily residential. The village center is included in the Quaker Hill Historic District, the historic district is the area around Old Norwich Road, extending as far south as the village of Thames View and as far north as Route In , the area was used as hayfields.

The area became known as Quaker Hill by due to its association with the Rogerenes or Rogerene Quakers, the first house was built around by Benjamin Greene at Scotch Cap. The Robertson and Bingham paper mill, established in , is said to be the first manufacturer of real tissue manila in the United States, Quaker Hill was included in the city of New London until when Waterford became a separate town.

Waterford Public Schools operates one school in Quaker Hill. This school is now located on Bloomingdale Road, Quaker Hill CT and it was established in and moved to its current acre site in Quaker Hill in It is named after Waterford, Ireland, the population was 19, at the census.

The town center is listed as a place and had a population of 2, at the census. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of The town center CDP has an area of 1. Waterford is bordered on the west by the Niantic River, the first people emigrated from England in , and came to the New London and Waterford area. One of the first people who set sail for this area was John Winthrop, the residents of Waterford resided in wigwams until they dug up plots for 38 houses near the Great Neck area.

John Winthrop was given several hundred acres of land, including Millstone Point, various dams, mills, and ponds were constructed in these area. The only expansion of people in the Waterford-New London area were the growth of families, later on, more people immigrated to Waterford, including the Welsh, Italian, Russian, Irish, and Scottish.

Waterford finally disbanded from New London on October 8, and this happened after several farmers decided to hold a petition to separate them. The first town meeting was held in November, to appoint town officials, tax collectors, town surveyors, Fence Viewers, only the first selectman got paid at the time. Waterford in the 19th century was an agricultural town, having mostly sheep farms. Waterford was also known for its granite industry that lasted from the late 19th century to the s.

Graniteville, a district in Waterford, is named after this industry, although not part of Graniteville, the area today known as Crystal Mall was also home to granite quarries.

Waterfords granite was used in construction projects such as roads, the foundation for Fort Sumter. Granite though was replaced by concrete which slowly shrunk the granite industry until the s, during the 20th century, sheep farms were replaced by dairy farms. Between and , there were about dairy farms in Waterford, in addition, there were 10 to heads of cattle. Waterford also obtained its town seal in and it was made by Martin Branner who was a cartoonist who also made the famous comic, Winnie Winkle.

Roberta Bitgood — Roberta Bitgood was an American organist, choir director, and composer. She was a pioneer of 20th-century American church music and the first woman to serve as president of the American Guild of Organists. Roberta Bitgood was born in New London, Connecticut, of parents Grace Robinson Prentis and she showed an early talent for music and started violin lessons at the age five. She studied at the Williams Memorial Institute from —24, while at Williams, she served as concert master and assistant conductor for her school orchestra.

At age fifteen she began taking organ lessons over the summers, Bitgood attended Connecticut College for Women, studying music with a major focused in violin and organ performance. During her time at Guilmant, she completed her Associate. Bitgood earned the highest mark in the country that year on her Fellowship exam, Bitgood was the first woman, and twelfth individual in America to receive a doctorate in sacred music.

After finishing her education, she married Jacob Gijsbert Wiersma, bitgoods career started out of Bloomfield, New Jersey, where she lived from From she worked as the organist and music director for the Holy Trinity Lutheran Church in Buffalo, after leaving Holy Trinity, Bitgood and her family moved to Riverside, California, where she was the music director for Calvary Presbyterian Church. In , she relocated to Michigan, where she played viola with the Battle Creek Symphony Orchestra and worked as the organist for the First Congregational Church, also in Battle Creek.

Mount of Freehold Township, New Jersey. As a result, saw the largest number of women to serve in top positions for the AGO, officially retiring in , Bitgood returned to Connecticut, where she continued to work as an organist in local churches and synagogues. By , she was living in the village of Quaker Hill, Connecticut and she accepted the position of organist, choir and music director for Waterford United Presbyterian in The church ran out of Mary Harkness Chapel on the Connecticut College campus until and she continued work in the area until her death in The Roberta Bitgood Organ Scholarship was created in by the American Guild of Organists, carl Medal in , and the Connecticut College Medal in , becoming the first graduate with a music degree to do so.

Bitgood was known for Sacred music, Anthems, Cantatas and Hymns and she studied composition throughout her entire secondary education career.

Religious music — Religious music is music performed or composed for religious use or through religious influence. Ritual music is music, sacred or not, performed or composed for or as ritual, according to some scholars, the earliest music in the Christian Church came from Jewish worship music, with some additional Syriac influence. It is believed that this music lay somewhere between singing and speaking, or speaking with an understood ritual cadence, however, there is another opinion that the roots of early Christian music come from the early ascetic monastic orders.

Hindu music is created for or influenced by Hinduism. The earliest synagogal music was based on the system as that in the Temple in Jerusalem. Buddhist music is music for Buddhist ceremony or meditation, Zoroastrian music is a genre of music that accompanies Zoroastrian traditions and rites.

Cantata — A cantata is a vocal composition with an instrumental accompaniment, typically in several movements, often involving a choir.

Cantatas for use in the liturgy of church services are called church cantata or sacred cantata, several cantatas were, and still are, written for special occasions, such as Christmas cantatas.

Johann Sebastian Bach composed cycles of cantatas for the occasions of the liturgical year. The term originated in the early 17th century simultaneously with opera, prior to that, all cultured music was vocal.

With the rise of music the term appeared, while the instrumental art became sufficiently developed to be embodied in sonatas.

From the beginning of the 17th century until late in the 18th, a cantata consisted first of a declamatory narrative or scene in recitative, held together by a primitive aria repeated at intervals.

Fine examples may be found in the music of Giacomo Carissimi. With the rise of the da capo aria, the became a group of two or three arias joined by recitative. George Frideric Handels numerous Italian duets and trios are examples on a large scale. His Latin motet Silete Venti, for solo, shows the use of this form in church music. This is equally evident whether we examine the church cantatas of Bach, of which nearly are extant.

Cantatas were in demand for the services of the Lutheran church. Many secular cantatas were composed for events in the nobility and they were so similar in form to the sacred ones that many of them were parodied to sacred cantatas, for example in Bachs Christmas Oratorio.

The term cantata came to be applied almost exclusively to choral works, Anton Bruckner composed several Name-day cantatas, a Festive Cantata and two secular cantatas. Brucknerss Psalm is also in cantata form, mendelssohns Symphony Cantata, the Lobgesang, is a hybrid work, partly in the oratorio style. Robert Schumann wrote the cantata Paradise and the Peri, the full lyric possibilities of a string of choral songs were realized by Johannes Brahms in his Rinaldo, that—like the Walpurgisnacht—was set to a text by Goethe.

The competition for the French Prix de Rome prescribed that each candidate submit a cantata, hector Berlioz failed in three attempts before finally winning in with Sardanapale. While almost all of the Prix de Rome cantatas have long since been forgotten, cantatas, both of the chamber variety and on a grand scale, were composed after as well. Hymn — A hymn is a type of song, usually religious, specifically written for the purpose of adoration or prayer, and typically addressed to a deity or deities, or to a prominent figure or personification.

The singing of hymns is called hymnody, collections of hymns are known as hymnals or hymn books. Hymns may or may not include instrumental accompaniment, although most familiar to speakers of English in the context of Christianity, hymns are also a fixture of other world religions, especially on the Indian subcontinent.

Hymns also survive from antiquity, especially from Egyptian and Greek cultures, some of the oldest surviving examples of notated music are hymns with Greek texts. Originally modeled on the Psalms and other passages in the Scriptures.

Many refer to Jesus Christ either directly or indirectly, since the earliest times, Christians have sung psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, both in private devotions and in corporate worship. One definition of a hymn is. A writer of hymns is known as a hymnodist, and the practice of singing hymns is called hymnody, a collection of hymns is called a hymnal or hymnary.

These may or may not include music, a student of hymnody is called a hymnologist, and the scholarly study of hymns, hymnists and hymnody is hymnology. The music to which a hymn may be sung is a hymn tune, in many Evangelical churches, traditional songs are classified as hymns while more contemporary worship songs are not considered hymns.

The reason for this distinction is unclear, but according to some it is due to the shift of style and devotional thinking that began with the Jesus movement. In ancient and medieval times, stringed instruments such as the harp, lyre and lute were used with psalms, since there is a lack of musical notation in early writings, the actual musical forms in the early church can only be surmised. During the Middle Ages a rich hymnody developed in the form of Gregorian chant or plainsong and this type was sung in unison, in one of eight church modes, and most often by monastic choirs.

While they were originally in Latin, many have been translated. Later hymnody in the Western church introduced four-part vocal harmony as the norm, adopting major and minor keys and it shares many elements with classical music.

Today, except for choirs, more musically inclined congregations and a cappella congregations, hymns are sung in unison. Wiki as never seen before with video and photo galleries, discover something new today. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Pan Pipes of Sigma Alpha Iota. Retrieved 28 January The Resignation of Prof. Holy Trinity Lutheran Church.

Organist - Composer - Director - Teacher [Pamphlet]. American Guild of Organists. A Backward Look from my Organ Loft. Retrieved from " https: The national convention, attended by more than 1, members, featured several notable venues in the Boston area, the AGO sponsors a number of education programs, including Pipe Organ Encounters, which are intended to introduce youth to the organ and its workings 2. For several decades beginning in the early 19th century, New London was one of the three busiest whaling ports in the world, along with Nantucket and New Bedford, Massachusetts 3.

Connecticut has a maritime history and a reputation based on that history—yet the state has no direct oceanfront 4. The High School offers a New Advanced Course curriculum that promotes the deepening of advanced placement courses, the school also allows seniors to take courses at Connecticut College so they can experience college life and receive college credits 5. The student-faculty ratio is about 9 to 1, the main campus has three residential areas 6.

Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange 7. Barnard, the institution assumed the shape of a modern university 8. The Great Depression of —39 saw severe unemployment, especially working class men Battle Creek figured prominently in the history of the Seventh-day Adventist Church In the area surrounding Monmouth Courthouse, many farms began to appear Quaker hill fire responds to about calls per year for service, Connecticut College Arboretum New London, Connecticut Waterford, Connecticut Waterford also obtained its town seal in and it was made by Martin Branner who was a cartoonist who also made the famous comic, Winnie Winkle Bitgood was known for Sacred music, Anthems, Cantatas and Hymns and she studied composition throughout her entire secondary education career While almost all of the Prix de Rome cantatas have long since been forgotten, cantatas, both of the chamber variety and on a grand scale, were composed after as well New London, Connecticut [videos] New London is a seaport city and a port of entry on the northeast coast of the United States.

New London Skyline from Fort Trumbull. Fort Trumbull, originally built on this site in The present structure was built between and New London in The Parade in , with a railroad station built in at right replaced by New London Union Station in and ferryboats in the river. Connecticut listen is the southernmost state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.

Scenery upon Barndoor Hills in Granby in autumn. Winter in East Haven. View of New London in It was well known to Arnold, who sold its secrets to the British fleet so that they could avoid its artillery fire, after overrunning New Londons Fort Trumbull, Ft. All told, more than 52 British soldiers and 83 militia were killed, New London suffered over 6 militia killed and 24 wounded, while Arnold and the British and Hessian raiding party suffered an equal amount.

Connecticuts independent legislature made New London one of the first two cities brought from de facto to formalized incorporations in its January session of , along with New Haven, during the War of , torpedoes were employed in attempts to destroy British vessels and protect American harbors. Hardy to warn the Americans to cease efforts with the use of any boat in this cruel and unheard-of warfare.

For several decades beginning in the early 19th century, New London was one of the three busiest whaling ports in the world, along with Nantucket and New Bedford, Massachusetts. Connecticut — Connecticut is the southernmost state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Its capital city is Hartford, and its most populous city is Bridgeport, the state is named for the Connecticut River, a major U.

The word Connecticut is derived from various anglicized spellings of an Algonquian word for long tidal river, Connecticut is the third smallest state by area, the 29th most populous, and the fourth most densely populated of the 50 United States.

It is known as the Constitution State, the Nutmeg State, the Provisions State, and it was influential in the development of the federal government of the United States. They established a small, short-lived settlement in present-day Hartford at the confluence of the Park, initially, half of Connecticut was a part of the Dutch colony New Netherland, which included much of the land between the Connecticut and Delaware rivers.

The first major settlements were established in the s by England, the Connecticut and New Haven Colonies established documents of Fundamental Orders, considered the first constitutions in North America. In , the three colonies were merged under a charter, making Connecticut a crown colony. This colony was one of the Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution, the Connecticut River, Thames River, and ports along the Long Island Sound have given Connecticut a strong maritime tradition which continues today.

The state also has a history of hosting the financial services industry, including insurance companies in Hartford. As of the Census, Connecticut features the highest per-capita income, Human Development Index, and median household income in the United States. Connecticut is slightly larger than the country of Montenegro, there are incorporated towns in Connecticut.

The highest peak in Connecticut is Bear Mountain in Salisbury in the northwest corner of the state, the highest point is just east of where Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York meet, on the southern slope of Mount Frissell, whose peak lies nearby in Massachusetts. At the opposite extreme, many of the towns have areas that are less than 20 feet above sea level. Connecticut has a maritime history and a reputation based on that history—yet the state has no direct oceanfront. Williams the II, a well-known whaling merchant.

It was located at Broad Street in New London, Connecticut and it is now known as the Williams School and offers classes from 6th grade to 12th grade. Harriet Peck Williams born on March 17,, and was married to General William Williams and they had three male children, all of whom died early in life. After the death of her son in , she became a philanthropist for the promotion and advancement of female education. And upon her death, her will allocated a portion of her fortune for the beginning of a high school for girls in New London in memory of her son.

When her husband died in she became the last survivor of her family and continued being a philanthropist, the first building was located on Broad Street, and the architects of this building were Shepley, Rutan, and Coolidge. The plot of land on Broad Street was the highest of the land, the school opened being able to accommodate three hundred students, they offered seven classrooms, a gymnasium, laboratories and a library.

Colin Sherman Buell was the first president of The Williams Memorial Institute and he was a key figure in improving higher education for women. Buell tried to expand the Memorial Institute to expand and become a Womens college, when Wesleyan decided to stop admitting women to the university, Buell combined efforts with Elizabeth Wright.

The College and the School will be separate entities that will benefit each other. The college has no power over educational curriculum and extracurricular activities of the school, the Enrichment courses range from Art, Music, Drama, Dance, Health and Wellness and Research Skills. The High School offers a New Advanced Course curriculum that promotes the deepening of advanced placement courses, the school also allows seniors to take courses at Connecticut College so they can experience college life and receive college credits.

It is a residential, four-year undergraduate institution, with nearly all of its approximately 1, students living on campus. Students choose courses from 41 majors, including an interdisciplinary, self-designed major, forbes ranked Connecticut College 81st in its overall list, 45th in the Northeast, 68th among private colleges, and 39th among liberal arts schools.

The college competes athletically in the New England Small College Athletic Conference, the college was chartered in in response to Wesleyan Universitys decision to stop admitting women. Wright and other Wesleyan alumnae convinced others to found this new college, to that end, the institution was founded as the Connecticut College for Women.

Financial assistance from the city of New London, its residents, the land upon which the college sits was a dairy farm owned by Charles P. He died in and his wife Harriet Alexander died in , according to an October 12, article in the Hartford Daily Times, marking the Colleges 20th anniversary, On September 27, the college opened its doors to students.

The entering class was made up of 99 freshmen students, candidates for degrees, and 52 special students, a fine faculty of 23 members had been engaged and a library of 6, volumes had been gathered together. It was a start for this new undertaking. The College became co-educational in , President Charles E.

Shain cited in his announcement speech that recent evidence showed that women were becoming uninterested in attending womens colleges. Admission to the college is considered selective by U. In the college rankings of U. Starting with the class of , students at Connecticut College will be encouraged to follow a new general education curriculum called Connections. Connecticut College has a history of research work and students are encouraged to make conference presentations.

Graduating seniors are awarded prestigious fellowships and grants such as the U. The student-faculty ratio is about 9 to 1, the main campus has three residential areas. With an estimated population of 8,, distributed over an area of about Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world.

Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs — Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island — were consolidated into a single city in The city and its surroundings came under English control in and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from until It has been the countrys largest city since , the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy.

In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city.

Over colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1, feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island.

Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange. Columbia is one of the fourteen founding members of the Association of American Universities and was the first school in the United States to grant the M.

Additionally, Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Columbia as students, researchers, faculty, Columbia is second only to Harvard University in the number of Nobel Prize-winning affiliates, with over recipients of the award as of In an act was passed by the assembly of New York to raise funds for the foundation of a new college.

Classes were initially held in July and were presided over by the colleges first president, Dr. Johnson was the only instructor of the colleges first class, which consisted of a mere eight students.

Instruction was held in a new schoolhouse adjoining Trinity Church, located on what is now lower Broadway in Manhattan, in , Dr. In the charged political climate of the American Revolution, his opponent in discussions at the college was an undergraduate of the class of The suspension continued through the occupation of New York City by British troops until their departure in The colleges library was looted and its sole building requisitioned for use as a hospital first by American.

After the Revolution, the college turned to the State of New York in order to restore its vitality, the Legislature agreed to assist the college, and on May 1,, it passed an Act for granting certain privileges to the College heretofore called Kings College. The Regents finally became aware of the colleges defective constitution in February and appointed a revision committee, in April of that same year, a new charter was adopted for the college, still in use today, granting power to a private board of 24 Trustees.

Samuel Johnson, was unanimously elected President of Columbia College, prior to serving at the university, Johnson had participated in the First Continental Congress and been chosen as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention.

The colleges enrollment, structure, and academics stagnated for the majority of the 19th century, with many of the college presidents doing little to change the way that the college functioned. In , the college moved from the Kings College campus at Park Place to a primarily Gothic Revival campus on 49th Street and Madison Avenue, during the last half of the 19th century, under the leadership of President F.

Barnard, the institution assumed the shape of a modern university. It is the oldest independent seminary in the United States and has long known as a bastion of progressive Christian scholarship. It was founded in by members of the Presbyterian Church in the U. In , Union rescinded the right of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church to veto faculty appointments, in the 20th century, Union became a center of liberal Christianity.

It served as the birthplace of the Black theology, Womanist Theology, Union houses the Columbia University Burke Library, one of the largest theological libraries in the Western Hemisphere. Union is affiliated with neighboring Columbia University and the seminary serves as Columbias constituent faculty of theology, although administratively independent, Union is represented in Columbias governance structure and appoints one faculty member and one student to the Columbia University Senate.

The brick and limestone English Gothic revival architecture, by Francis R. Allen and Collins, completed in , includes the tower, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 23, Some sections of the campus are now on long-term lease to Columbia University, Unions urban campus is regarded by some to be among the most beautiful in the United States.

The inner quadrangle and other halls and rooms are often used as a filming location by the motion picture industry. The Burke Library offers a number of world-renowned archival collections, including the Archives of Women in Theological Scholarship, in Unions Burke Library became fully integrated into the Columbia University Library system, which holds over 10 million volumes.

The library is named in honor of Walter Burke, a benefactor to the library who served as Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Seminary from to Union Theological Seminary was founded in , during the lateth Century, it became one of the leading centers of liberal Christianity in the United States. In , Charles A. Briggs, who was being installed as the chair of Biblical Studies, in the Auburn Theological Seminary moved to its campus.

In , members of the Union Theological Seminary Alumni Club founded Union Settlement Association, known as East Harlem, it was a neighborhood filled with new tenements but devoid of any civic services. Starting in the century, the English and Dutch neighborhoods gradually integrated. Numerous residents served in the Revolutionary War, the Green was set aside to commemorate the use of that space for drilling of militia.

The two churches became integral institutions of southern and northern Bloomfield, respectively, Bloomfield was incorporated as a township from portions of Newark Township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 23, At the time, the Presbyterian parishs namesake was governor of New Jersey and had recently been appointed brigadier general for service in the looming War of , at the time it was incorporated, the township covered The Stone House Plains neighborhood was renamed as Brookdale in , in the townships first century, Brookdale farms thrived while southern Bloomfield industrialized, and the townships infrastructure, civil framework and social institutions developed.

Several miles of the Morris Canal passed through Bloomfield, the Oakes woollen mill thrived as a major supplier to the Union army. Bloomfield was incorporated as a town on February 26,, in the 20th century, GE, Westinghouse and Schering built major facilities, and among others, the Charms Candy Company was started and grew.

After World War I, Brookdales farms were developed into residential neighborhoods, substantial population growth continued into the s. During World War II, while many Bloomfield men served in the forces, Bloomfields farms and factories, largely staffed by women.

In the decades after the war, the industrial base steadily shut down with stricter environmental regulations, rising labor costs. These influences, as well as construction of the Garden State Parkway, further drove urban decay and related population turnover, in the early 21st century, redevelopment of blighted and underutilized properties has further shifted Bloomfield towards being a primarily residential municipality. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had an area of 5.

Silver Lake is a community and census-designated place defined by the United States Census Bureau as of the Census that is split between Belleville and Bloomfield. Brookdale is a CDP located entirely within Bloomfield, other unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Halycon and Watsessing. Bloomfield is located in the New York metropolitan area, in comparison to the other municipalities in the U. As of , Buffalo is New York states 2nd-most populous city after New York City, the metropolitan area has a population of 1.

After an economic downturn in the half of the 20th century, Buffalos economy has transitioned to sectors that include financial services, technology, biomedical engineering.

The city of Buffalo received its name from a creek called Buffalo Creek. British military engineer Captain John Montresor made reference to Buffalo Creek in his journal of , there are several theories regarding how Buffalo Creek received its name. In , as principal agent opening the area for the Holland Land Company, Joseph Ellicott, designed a radial street and grid system that branches out from downtown like bicycle spokes similar to the street system he used in the nations capital.

Although Ellicott named the settlement New Amsterdam, the name did not catch on, during the War of , on December 30,, Buffalo was burned by British forces. The George Coit House and Samuel Schenck House are currently the oldest houses within the limits of the City of Buffalo, on October 26,, the Erie Canal was completed with Buffalo a port-of-call for settlers heading westward.

At the time, the population was about 2,, the Erie Canal brought about a surge in population and commerce, which led Buffalo to incorporate as a city in In , construction began on the Macedonia Baptist Church, an important meeting place for the abolitionist movement, Buffalo was a terminus point of the Underground Railroad with many fugitive slaves crossing the Niagara River to Fort Erie, Ontario in search of freedom. During the s, Buffalos port continued to develop, both passenger and commercial traffic expanded with some 93, passengers heading west from the port of Buffalo.

Grain and commercial goods shipments led to repeated expansion of the harbor, in , the worlds first steam-powered grain elevator was constructed by local merchant Joseph Dart and engineer Robert Dunbar.

Darts Elevator enabled faster unloading of lake freighters along with the transshipment of grain in bulk from barges, canal boats, by , the citys population was 81, At the dawn of the 20th century, local mills were among the first to benefit from hydroelectric power generated by the Niagara River, the city got the nickname City of Light at this time due to the widespread electric lighting. It was also part of the revolution, hosting the brass era car builders Pierce Arrow. The Great Depression of —39 saw severe unemployment, especially working class men.

Riverside is the county seat of the county and named for its location beside the Santa Ana River. Riverside is the 59th most populous city in the United States, as of the Census, Riverside had a population of , Riverside was founded in the early s and it is the birthplace of the California citrus industry and home of the Mission Inn, the largest Mission Revival Style building in the United States.

It is also home to the Riverside National Cemetery, the University of California, Riverside, is located in the northeastern part of the city. The university also hosts the Riverside Sports Complex, in the late s and early s, the area was inhabited by Cahuilla and the Serrano people. Californios such as Bernardo Yorba and Juan Bandini established ranches during the first half of the 19th century, in the s, Louis Prevost launched the California Silk Center Association, a short-lived experiment in sericulture.

In the wake of its failure, John W. North purchased some of its land, in March , North distributed posters announcing the formation of a colony in California. North, a staunch temperance-minded abolitionist from New York State, had formerly founded Northfield, a few years later, some navel orange trees were planted and found to be such a success that full-scale planting began.

Riverside was temperance minded, and Republican, there were four saloons in Riverside when it was founded. The license fees were raised until the saloons moved out of Riverside, investors from England and Canada transplanted traditions and activities adopted by prosperous citizens. As a result, the first golf course and polo field in Southern California were built in Riverside. C, the trees came from Bahia, Brazil.

The Bahia orange did not thrive in Florida, but its success in Southern California was phenomenal, the three trees were planted on the Tibbetts property. One of the trees died after it was trampled by a cow during the first year it was planted, after the trampling, the two remaining trees were transplanted to property belonging to Sam McCoy to receive better care than L. That tree still stands to this day inside a protective fence abutting what is now a major intersection, the trees thrived in the Southern California climate and the navel orange industry grew rapidly.

Many growers purchased bud wood and then grafted the cuttings to root stock, by , there were more than half a million citrus trees in California, almost half of which were in Riverside.

The development of refrigerated cars and innovative irrigation systems established Riverside as the richest city in the United States by As of the census, the city had a population of 52, The Potawatomi and the Ottawa formed a joint village in the area of Battle Creek.

Two members of the party who had remained at the camp were attacked by two Indians. The Indians were reported as trying to steal provisions from the survey team and they were likely hungry because annuities and supplies were late or insufficient, the Potawatomi had ceded their land to the United States by an treaty and been restricted to a reservation. The Army was notorious for failing to deliver supplies and annuities on a timely basis, during the fight, the surveyors shot and severely wounded one Indian, subduing the other.

Fearing more hostilities, the survey party promptly packed up and left the area and they did not return until June , after Governor Lewis Cass had settled the issues with the Indians. European-American settlers later called the nearby stream Battle Creek River, Native Americans had called the river Waupakisco, to which some attribute a folk etymology.

By this account, the name Waupakisco or Waupokisco was a reference to a battle fought between Native American tribes before the arrival of white settlers. Vogel establishes that this term had nothing to do with blood or battle. Following removal of the Potawatomi to a reservation, the first permanent European-American settlements in Battle Creek Township began to be made about , migration had increased to Michigan from New York and New England following the completion of the Erie Canal in New York in Most settlers chose to locate on the Goguac prairie, which was fertile, a post office was opened in Battle Creek in under Postmaster Pollodore Hudson.

It was the home of noted abolitionist Sojourner Truth after her escape from slavery. Battle Creek figured prominently in the history of the Seventh-day Adventist Church.

As of , the population for Norwalk was 88, Norwalk, settled , incorporated Sept. Ancient records describe the boundaries as from Norwalk river to Sauhatuck river, from sea, thus a disputing source, and common tradition, describes Norwalks name deriving from the northern boundary extending from the sea covering one days north walk into the countryside.

Around the same time, the elderly used the ancient pronunciation Norruck, Norwalk has a nickname, Oyster Town, due to its prominent oyster fisheries providing a large source of income to the city since the early 19th century. Norwalk Harbors islands and proximity to New York City make it profitable for oyster harvesting, discarded oyster shells along the Connecticut coast help prove the importance oysters had to pre-Columbian inhabitants of the area as well.

In Norwalk was the location of the murder trial of Michael Skakel. After a four-week trial, Skakel was convicted on June 7 for the murder of Martha Moxley, the Methodist congregation had been formed in during the visit by Jesse Lee, but is survived by three other Methodist churches in the city. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of Norwalk, Connecticut, gets 45 inches of rain per year, the average US city gets 25 inches of snow per year.

The Lenni Lenape were the earliest known people to live in the area that became Freehold, the Lenape were a hunter-gatherer society.

They were largely sedentary, changing campsites seasonally and they were prolific hunters of small game and birds. They were also skilled fisherman, and were known to harvest vast amounts of clams from the bays and they also practiced some agriculture to augment their food supply. During this time, an important crossroad of two major Lenape trails was located in the area of Freehold, in , John Cabot became the first European to sight this land. The Dutch were the first to settle and develop the area, by the 17th Century, the English had taken over the area.

In , the Duke of York granted a patent to Sir George Carteret to develop the area, in , Scottish immigrants, fleeing religious persecution at home, became the first to settle the area. In , Along with Middletown and Shrewsbury, Freehold was established by act of legislature as one of the three towns in Monmouth County.