Exxonmobil bladding pump
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Expansion of bleed air through a turbine is limited to efficiencies between 50 to 70 percent, depending upon the bleed pressure available. As aircraft engine designers have sought greater fuel efficiencies, engines have shifted towards higher compression ratios and higher fan bypass ratios to make the engines more fuel-efficient.
However, such engines are more sensitive to bleeding air for aircraft subsystems. Thus, new airplane designs with advanced high bypass ratio engines cannot provide traditional support for engine bleed air extraction to power subsystems without a significant efficiency penalty. This has led to the increased use of electric motor driven subsystems, often with separate motor drives. Different aircraft subsystems, including and commonly hydraulic systems and air conditioning systems, have different power requirements, with power needed in different locations of the aircraft, at different times during the flight and on the ground.
Often, due to the constraints of the subsystems, different speeds and torque are required. Multiple electric motor driven subsystems provide flexibility as to location, timing of operation, and velocity.
However, for aircraft, multiple electric motor driven subsystems carry the detriment of increased weight. Therefore, an unmet need exists for drive systems for auxiliary subsystems which reduce weight and size of subsystem drives, while allowing flexible power applicability and flexible rotational velocities for the different subsystems. The present invention provides a drive system for two aircraft subsystems from a single power source.
The dual drive system of the present invention includes at least one reversible electric motor with a double-ended output shaft connected to two over-running clutches, in turn connected to two separate subsystem components. The over-running clutches are configured to engage alternately, with one clutch engaged when the motor runs in one direction, and the other clutch engaged when the motor is reversed.
In accordance with farther aspects of the invention, the drive system is utilized in an aircraft, where one of the aircraft subsystems driven by the drive is a hydraulic pump, and the other is an air compressor. Other aspects of the invention include combining a gearing system with one or both of the over-running clutches to allow the respective subsystem components to be driven at different speeds. In a further aspect of the invention, a second electric motor may be used to drive one of the aircraft subsystem components in addition to the reversible motor, thus providing power to that subsystem component even when the reversible motor is reversed and providing power to the alternate aircraft subsystem.
The reversible motor may also have dual speeds, permitting rotation at one velocity when the motor is run in one direction and driving one aircraft subsystem, and rotation at a different velocity when the motor runs in the reverse direction driving the other subsystem. The invention provides flexibility in powering equipment subsystems, especially aircraft hydraulic and air conditioning subsystems from a single motor, providing different output speeds for the respective subsystems from the same drive.
The preferred and alternative embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the following drawing. The dual drive system 5 includes a reversible motor In a presently preferred embodiment, the reversible motor is a dual speed electric motor. In an alternate embodiment, the reversible motor is a variable speed electric motor. The reversible motor 10 has a main shaft 12 with two ends. One end of the main shaft 12 is connected to a clockwise over running clutch 20 , which freewheels in the clockwise direction, and engages in the counterclockwise direction.
The clockwise over-running clutch has an output shaft In a presently preferred embodiment, the clockwise over-running output clutch 32 is connected to and drives a hydraulic pump The other end of the main shaft 12 is connected to a counter clockwise over-running clutch The counter clockwise over-running clutch 22 freewheels in the counterclockwise direction and engages in the clockwise direction. In a preferred embodiment, the counterclockwise over-running clutch is connected to and drives an air compressor In this embodiment, the air compressor is the first stage of a ram air compressor with a ram air inlet 42 , and a ram air outlet In alternate embodiments, the main shaft 12 may be an alternate driving connection, such as gear or spline outputs.
As can be seen from FIG. In a presently preferred embodiment, the drive motor 10 is a dual speed reversible electric motor providing a different main shaft 12 output speed when the motor runs in a clockwise direction than when the motor runs in a counterclockwise direction. Alternately, a variable speed reversible motor would provide equivalent multi-speed function, with greater power output flexibility. Also, in a presently preferred embodiment, the clockwise over-running clutch 20 is combined with a gear system not shown that reduces the speed of the clockwise over-running clutch output shaft 32 driving the hydraulic pump In a presently preferred embodiment, the gear system not shown combined with the clockwise over-running clutch 20 and driving the hydraulic pump 30 is a harmonic drive type of gear system.
The second drive motor 60 has an output shaft 62 in line with and, through intervening components, connected to the main shaft 12 of the reversible motor In a presently preferred embodiment, the second drive motor shaft 62 is connected to and drives a second stage air compressor The second stage air compressor 50 has a second stage inlet 52 , and a second stage outlet The second stage air compressor 50 is linked by a common shaft 64 to the air compressor In an alternative embodiment, the second drive motor 60 through its drive shaft 62 may be connected directly to the air compressor In a presently preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG.
In a presently preferred embodiment, the common shaft 64 is a quill shaft link to the main shaft 12 through the air compressor In the embodiment shown in FIG. When operating, the second drive motor 60 provides a base level of power to the air compressors 40 and 50 even when the reversible drive motor 10 is reversed and providing power to the hydraulic pump Otherwise, both the reversible drive motor 10 and the second drive motor 60 provide combined power directly to the air compressors 40 and 50 while the hydraulic pump 30 is at rest, with the clockwise over-running clutch 20 freewheeling.
For most of the on-ground and in-flight operational period for the aircraft, the reversible drive motor 10 provides power to the air conditioning system of the aircraft through air compressors 40 and During periods when substantial hydraulic power is required, such as for raising and lowering the landing gear, or extending or retracting flaps, the reversible motor 10 is reversed, driving the hydraulic pump 30 for the limited periods of time those systems are in operation, temporarily reducing power to the aircraft air conditioning system.
In an alternative embodiment, the drive motor 10 is suitably not reversible if the clockwise over-running clutch 20 is replaced by a conventional clutch, and the counterclockwise over-running clutch 22 is similarly replaced by a conventional clutch, together with clutch controllers. The clutch controllers ensure that the appropriate clutch is engaged for the desired mode of operation and the other clutch is disengaged. That is, the clutch link to the hydraulic pump 30 is engaged when the hydraulic pump is being operated, and the clutch linked to the air compressor 40 is engaged when the air compressor is being operated.
Because in most applications the hydraulic pump is operated at a different speed than the air compressor, in this configuration, the drive motor 10 is suitably a two-speed or variable speed drive motor, but need not be reversible.
In a further alternative embodiment of the present invention, the clockwise over-running clutch 20 , linked to the hydraulic pump 30 , is suitably omitted if a means is provided to unload the hydraulic pump 30 , such as by short circuiting the hydraulic pump, when hydraulic power is not needed or additional air compression power is needed. Similarly, the counterclockwise over-running clutch 22 is suitably omitted if a means is provided to unload the air compressor 40 , such as aerodynamically unloading the air compressor by opening a large air bleed.
In this embodiment, when hydraulic power is needed the air compressor 40 is unloaded, directing all of the drive motor 10 power to the hydraulic pump, and vice versa. Operating the invention without clutches, but with means to unload the hydraulic pump and the air compressor does not entail a reversible motor.
However, because the hydraulic pump and air compressor are usually operated at different speeds, a dual speed, multi speed, or variable speed drive motor is suitably used. It will be appreciated that varying configurations of the present invention suitably permit the invention to be used, for example, in confined spaces. The motor has a shaft driving the main shaft through a pair of meshing gears The main shaft is linked through a first overrunning clutch to a shaft driving a hydraulic pump The main shaft is also linked to a second overrunning clutch linked to a second subsystem shaft driving an air compressor The system permits flexible physical configuration of the present invention as the motor driving the main shaft may be positioned laterally from or at angles to the main shaft The present invention may also incorporate gearing that changes the output speeds and torque provided to subsystems driven by the invention.
The motor drives a main shaft projecting from two ends of the motor